Sociology of law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Humanism of law - Essay Example Durkheim contended that even emotional wonders, for example, self destruction are target social realities; it exists regardless of whether an individual decides to leave that society or not end it all himself.2 It is in a similar light that Durkheim saw the presence and working of law inside a general public, and it is this many-sided idea which will be the focal point of the paper. Durkheim saw past law as a negligible arrangement of rules and guidelines; he principally communicated law as an affirmation of a society’s major qualities, as the virtues joined to people by people borne of human poise. He doled out law the bringing together estimation of society, considering it a ‘glorification†¦of the person in general†¦sympathy for all that is human’.3 As a type of coercive force in the public arena, law delineates society as an ethical unit, and we feel the power of this coercive force when we digress from it. However in what capacity can the individuals from a general public coincide with a lot of virtues which are not a whole of its members’ singular qualities? It is like Durkheim depicts us a clear records, whereupon our going into society is drawn a lot of virtues by this different substance †does this not subvert any self-governance that we could have as people? How might it be a ‘collective basic conscienceâ €™?4 Durkheim seems to have been making careful effort to accommodate the idea of virtues in the public eye with its individual individuals. He discloses that to see law as a culture empowers us to in this way accommodate these clashing components; law saw as an assemblage of convictions and practices generally held inside a general public makes the basic soul exist reliantly with its individuals. The aggregate soul is both a result of its people and an improvement of sociological laws as isolated from people. It is part into two components, which structure it as a solitary social marvel

The Impact of Globalization on the Global Economy and Global Business Assignment

The Impact of Globalization on the Global Economy and Global Business - Assignment Example From this paper unmistakably the Westphalian model of nationhood permitted various gatherings to shape countries and keep up some level of self-sufficiency. The independence prompted the formation of sovereign governments that were perceived locally in the country and furthermore globally under the Westphalian settlement. Under this model, individuals and organizations must be done inside the limits of a given country or state. So as to do any business somewhere else, the business expected to take up a contract or a sort of grant in the outside purview. This gave genuine limitations to working together outskirts. The Age of Exploration was spearheaded by European mariners predominantly from the Iberian countries of Spain and Portugal who discovered methods of arriving at different countries via ocean. This prompted colonization and a few universal handle of grounds in remote regions. In this period, organizations were sorted out carefully as indicated by national lines and it was jus t the administrations of the particular European countries who controlled issues in the abroad regions they had procured. This prompted genuine pressures that prompted a few wars in the previous 300 years. The biggest and generally ruinous of these wars battled about the control of national interests was the Second World War which was battled based on exchange limitations and control of outside regions. After the Second World War, the United Nations was shaped to look for serene methods for settling issues and the advancement of human rights and the improvement of lives for individuals in social orders far and wide. Towards Modern Globalization The United Nations and other related elements like the IMF and World Bank set the establishment for the coordination of countries and the unification of direction of various organizations from various pieces of the world. This denoted the move towards the globalization that we have today. Globalization generally alludes to the overall trade o f assets among countries and networks without limitations. As the examination plots globalization best alludes to the end of outskirts and the vanishing of national limitations on exchange and other monetary exercises. Globalization has empowered the harmonization of norms across fringes and this has prompted the upkeep of regular frameworks and structures that target giving the best outcomes to countries and people groups in various pieces of the world. Globalization has influenced worldwide business and worldwide economy in a few different ways. As it were, globalization has changed the world from the past Westphalian model where residents and organizations from countries couldn't work in different countries without severe limitations and restrictions. There have been a few changes that globalization has made in the general sense just as the macroeconomic and microeconomic levels. General Trends of Globalization that Affects Businesses The way that globalization, controlled by the United Nations was enlivened by the need to ensure human ri ghts and the poise of individuals has prompted a serious extent of social cognizance.

The importance of cultural diversity in one's life Essay

The significance of social decent variety in one's life - Essay Example Through improved correspondence and a more extensive feeling of seeing, socially assorted networks can make progress that is unmatched in homogenous populaces. The wide flood of thoughts and practices in a socially blended gathering improves a network and takes into account more noteworthy scholarly, monetary, and otherworldly development inside the populace. Social assorted variety is getting always significant in an inexorably worldwide society and furthermore has an acknowledged aspect in everyday life. Social decent variety lances financial development and can help in the decrease of world destitution (UNESCO). Particular societies are equipped for cooperating in a financially propelled way that will help the homeland, yet different nations deprived also. Other than conservative advantages, social decent variety additionally enhances the human spirit. Through the trading of social thoughts, people experience scholarly, passionate, good, and otherworldly development (UNESCO). For instance, a huge number of individuals overall presently practice yoga as a type of activity and otherworldly unwinding. This would not be conceivable without the trading of thoughts between societies. All societies can remain to increase significant understanding into financial and passionate wellbeing by trading thoughts. Multiculturalism inside a network includes numerous unmistakable gatherings and interests. Race, sex, class, and sexual direction are a portion of the classifications that help choose the connections between various social gatherings (Rendon). The way to accomplishment in conditions with broad multiculturalism is acknowledgment and resistance. This is contrary to monoculturism in which the gathering of individuals is homogenous or not blended as in multiculturalism. A culture that is totally homogenous may see social assorted variety as a danger to public activity, instruction, or money related prosperity (Rendon). Be that as it may, homogenous gatherings of individuals are getting progressively uncommon as the world keeps on developing. Most school grounds are blended sex, just as blended race, blended financial status and blended sex direction. Therefore, it is critical to set up acknowledgment and correspondence inside multicultural grounds. Assorted variety is nothing something t hat ought to be seen as a danger, however something that ought to be held onto as a positive power. As interchanges, transportation, and biotechnology keep on improving, the world will keep on moving towards a worldwide culture rather than particular social territories. It is essential to perceive a level of social solidarity so as to offer legitimacy to laws passed by global bodies, for example, the United Nations (Ayton-Shenker). Worldwide law is structured as rules for the worldwide network and doesn't set up contrasts between specific nations. As various as the world may be, these binding together bodies give a feeling of gathering having a place with the worldwide network (Ayton-Shenker). In this sense, societies that are as various as China to Brazil to the United States are completely held to similar guidelines under global law. The information that can be achieved by tolerating different societies is maybe the most significant part of social decent variety. Rudolph J. Marcus represents this abundance of data in his article, Reaping the benefits of social decent variety. He states, cooperating across ideal models can be productive. A few practices and practices on the two sides help this procedure,

Taming Of The Shrew Analysis Essay Example For Students

Subduing Of The Shrew Analysis Essay The Taming of the Shrew: Appearance Versus RealityHave you at any point been hit in the crotch and had somebody there snickering at you? This article isn't about that. It is about how Shakespeare utilizes various signs to create appearance versus reality. Three of them are characters, imagery, and plot. I will clarify how he utilizes these things to present and keep up the appearance versus reality topic. One way Shakespeare does this is with the characters. He does this by having them continually misdirecting each other. Everybody switches places or camouflages themselves to accomplish an objective. In act one, scene one, Lucentio is going to mask himself as a teacher so as to win over Bianca while his hireling Tranio has his spot. I am substance to be Lucentio, in light of the fact that I love so well Lucentio(1.1.222-223). Tranio answered to Lucentio when advised to oblige the plan. Shakespeare at that point utilizes Tranio (as Lucentio), to double cross a guiltless dealer. He at that point utilizes him for the genuine Lucentios individual increase. He devises a bogus story of how the shipper will without a doubt be executed on the off chance that anybody knows where he is from. His bogus story is the accompanying: ‘Tis passing for anybody in Mantua to come to Padua. Know you not the reason? Your boats are remained at Venice, and the Duke, For private fight ‘twixt your duke and him. Hath distributed and declared it transparently. Tis wonder, however that you are nevertheless recently come, You may have heard it else announced about (4.2.86-92.). Tranio later contends how he can spare the keeps an eye on life:To spare your life in this furthest point, This kindness I will accomplish for his Vincentio, Lucentios father purpose (And think it not the most noticeably awful of every one of your fortunes that you resemble Sir Vincentio): His name and credit will you embrace, And in my home you will be agreeable held up (4,2,107-113,).Shakespeare utilizations this to show that the characters will go to any lengths to get what they need. Imagery, in The Taming of the Shrew, is oftentimes utilized. Shakespeare utilizes an assortment of things that represent a certain something or another.In act three, scene two, Petruchio is late for his own wedding to Katherine. The garments that he wears are exceptionally improper and his pony is that of a poor person. To me shes wedded, not unto my garments (3.2.119). Petruchio does this to demonstrate a point. The apparel that he wears is live verification that you ought not pass judgment flippantly. The plot of The Taming of the Shrew is, is the most ideal way that Shakespeare shows appearance versus reality. He fills the play with double dealing and deceit, humor, and a scramble of dramatization. Petruchio is constrained to wed Kate. In doing as such, he misleads her dad Babtista so that Kate will in reality become his better half and he, thus, will get rich. ‘Tis bartered ‘twixt us ‘twain, being separated from everyone else, that she will at present be curst in organization (2.1.323-324). Petruchio does as such as that his arrangement won't reverse discharge in his face, and uncovers his actual expectations. Shakespeare to some degree changes Katherines character a brief time after she weds Petruchio. She appears to have lost whatever it was she had that made her such a revile. Her disposition enormously changes towards Petruchio when she experiences passionate feelings for him. After Petruchio welcomes her to a kiss she addresses him. Thereafter, she has this to state. Nay, I will give thee a kiss. Presently supplicate thee, love, remain (5.2.153-154). At the point when she understands what a genuine honorable man Petruchio is, she becomes hopelessly enamored with the possibility that he approached her for the kiss, as they live in a general public where men do as they wish and the lady doesn't make a difference. In fulfillment, Shakespeare is a virtuoso. He imaginatively and intricately weaves the appearance versus reality subject with his characters, imagery, and plot. To cite Barrie Keeffe, I compose plays for individuals who wouldnt be seen dead in the theater.I imagine that Shakesp eare did likewise. He composed plays in manners that the normal individual would comprehend, albeit written in early English. I have extraordinary regard for a man, that notwithstanding his distinction, despite everything composes for everybody and not simply the intelligent person.

Learning organization Essay

Marquardt (2002, p. 211) introduced 16 stages important to fabricate a learning association. A more critical gander at our association uncovered that there is still such a long way to go and change. Utilizing Marquardt’s similitude, our association is still in the caterpillar stage, â€Å"earthbound† and â€Å"nonlearning† (p. 235). The significant test staying with our in this status can be connected to just two things, disposition of workers and authority style. Sadly, the 16 stages proposed by Marquardt come down to these two things. Workers have negative view about change. They are not ready to leave their usual ranges of familiarity, face challenges or focus on changing the organization. They come up short on the inspiration to instruct, improve and create themselves expertly. The old, tried method of doing things remains the standard. In any case, the all the more upsetting reality is the absence of exertion from the pioneers. In light of Marquardt’s conversation, the principle exertion for change should originate from the top, from the pioneers. By and by, the initiative style in the organization doesn't take into account the necessities of a learning association. The authoritative culture doesn't enable the empoyees to communicate their inventiveness or investigate their possibilities. So, our association is 16 stages from change. In view of the rules, to impact change, the pioneers need to perceive their job as the specialists of progress. As indicated by Marquardt’s book, â€Å"The initial step is for authority to invest in changing the organization into a learning organization† (p. 210). Before that could occur, pioneers should above all else need to perceive the need to change our caterpillar approaches to that of a butterfly. This progression compares to the production of an authoritative vision. The organization needs a progressively unique, intriguing, moving vision to keep the two heads and workers invigorated into changing and improving the organization just as making a domain for continious learning.

Kubler Ross Essay

The Kubler-Ross model depends on five phases of melancholy. These are five passionate stages that somebody can encounter when confronted with death or some different misfortune. The five phases are Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance. Kubler-Ross noticed that these stages are not intended to be a finished rundown of every conceivable feeling that could be felt, and they can happen in any request. Responses to misfortune and sadness are as various as every individual encountering them. We invest various lengths of energy working through each progression and express each stage pretty much strongly. We frequently move between stages before accomplishing a progressively quiet acknowledgment of death. A large number of us don't accomplish this last phase of despondency. â€Å"Many individuals don't encounter the phases in the request recorded beneath, which is alright. The way to understanding the stages isn't to feel like you should experience all of them, in exact request. Rather, it’s progressively supportive to see them as aides in the lamenting procedure †it encourages you comprehend and put into setting where you are. † Denial â€One of the main responses to follow a misfortune or updates on a looming misfortune is Denial. This means the individual is attempting to close out the truth or size of their circumstance. It is a guard instrument that supports the quick stun. We shut out the words and avoid the realities. This is an impermanent reaction that brings us through the main rush of agony. Outrage †As the impacts of disavowal start to wear, reality and its agony reappear. We are not prepared Because of outrage, the individual is exceptionally hard to think about because of lost sentiments of fierceness and jealousy. Outrage can show itself in various manners. Individuals can be furious with themselves, or with others, and particularly the individuals who are near them. Outrage might be aimed at our perishing or expired cherished one. Soundly, we realize the individual isn't to be accused. Inwardly, notwithstanding, we may detest the individual for causing us torment or for leaving us. We feel remorseful for being furious, and this drives us considerably progressively crazy. It is imperative to stay isolates and nonjudgmental when managing an individual encountering outrage from sorrow. Haggling †The third stage includes the expectation that the individual can by one way or another fix or maintain a strategic distance from a reason for anguish. The typical response to sentiments of powerlessness and helplessness is regularly a need to recapture control. Subtly, we may make an arrangement with God or a higher force trying to defer the unavoidable. This is a more fragile line of safeguard to shield us from the excruciating reality. Mentally, the individual is stating, â€Å"I comprehend I will kick the bucket, however I am not prepared, in the event that I could simply plan something for purchase more time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  People confronting less genuine injury can deal or look to arrange a trade off. For instance â€Å"Can we despite everything be companions? † when confronting a separation. Haggling once in a while gives a manageable arrangement, particularly on the off chance that it involves decisive. Despondency â€The lamenting individual starts to comprehend the absence of command over the circumstance. Much like the existential idea of The Void, living gets trivial. Things start to lose importance to the mourner. Along these lines, the individual may get quiet, reject guests and invest a great part of the energy crying and bleak. This procedure permits the lamenting individual to disengage from things of adoration and warmth, conceivably trying to stay away from further injury. It is normal to feel bitterness, lament, dread, and vulnerability while experiencing this stage. Feeling these feelings shows that the individual has started to acknowledge the circumstance. Acknowledgment †In this last stage, people start to grapple with what has occurred or what will occur. This regularly accompanies a quiet, review see for the individual, and a steady outlook yet arriving at this phase of grieving is a blessing not stood to everybody. Passing might be abrupt and surprising or we may never observe past our indignation or disavowal. This stage is set apart by withdrawal and quiet. This isn't a time of satisfaction and must be recognized from despondency. Adapting to misfortune is an at last a profoundly close to home and particular experience †it's not possible for anyone to assist you with experiencing it all the more effectively or see all the feelings that you’re experiencing. Be that as it may, others can be there for you and help comfort you through this procedure. The best thing you can do is to permit yourself to feel the misery as it comes over you. Opposing it just will delay the regular procedure of mending.

Whether small class size better is better than large class size - 825 Words

Whether small class size better is better than large class size (Essay Sample) Content: Learning in university education Student’s Name University Affiliation Date The issue over whether small class sizes are preferable to large class sizes has been explored in various works of literature, as researchers attempt to help education stakeholders in their quest to improve overall outcomes. Inevitably, it has been suggested that small class sizes are better whereas opponents swiftly present counterarguments claiming that large class sizes are preferable. This report argues that small class sizes presents various benefits thus making them preferable. Small class sizes are always preferable to large class sizes due to a number of benefits including the fact that large class sizes tend to negatively affect students’ and tutors’ motivation as well as attitude (Kokkelenberg, Dilllon, & Christy 2008, p 223). In essence, large class sizes mean that students and professors do not feel as satisfied with the experience as they would have in small class size environment, which implies that some learning opportunities may be lost. Proponents of large class sizes often point out that such environments provide economies of scale in terms of schools being able to educate many students together and spreading the costs. Van Roekel (2008) notes that proposals to reduce class sizes and realize the benefits often hinges on the costs to hire additional professors and restructure classroom space as needed in small class size environments. In the debate, rarely are the costs linked to failure to reduce class sizes highlighted, which have far-reaching consequences including the cost to society in higher dropout levels as well as the reduced earning potential of poorly educated populations. Indeed, such propositions tend to overlook the all important experience students and professors get from small size learning environment. Simply put, a negative experience for students is likely to lead to negative education outcomes . This is because a positive experience promotes critical thinking as well as problem solving, which are best taught in small class size learning environments. According to a study by Kokkelenberg, Dilllon, & Christy (2008, p 229), there are diseconomies of scale linked to a deterioration of education outcomes as class sizes increase. This means that large class sizes leads to some unforeseen negative student outcomes including a negative student experience, which may be caused by decreased attention to individual student needs as well as the intensity of engagement in learning. More often than not, small class size means that faculty members can direct their attention to individual students with relative ease and possibly help learners in areas they face academic and life challenges. The implication is that small class sizes are increasingly preferable. Small class sizes are always preferable to large class sizes especially when considering the manner in which learning takes place . Increasingly, academic lectures remain the primary mode of instruction and Lee (2009, p 43) notes that small class sizes provide students and professors the opportunity to engage in interactive as well as non-interactive conversations that are at the core of academic lectures. More so, small class sizes enable professors intensely to engage students through the use of linguistic cue signal, which help students through indicating the direction of the conversation pinpointing the relative significance of and association between ideas, as well as evaluating them (Lee 2009, p 43). The insinuation is that large class sizes do not provide a facilitating environment in which professors can intensely engage their students and improve their overall understanding via interactivity. Proponents of large class sizes have claimed that class sizes has little effect on the learning process, and often claim that professors’ ability to deliver information through lecture materials is all th at matter. Yet, such claims are abstract at best especially because they fail to consider the feature at the core of learning process. Lee (2009) demonstrates that learning process involves interactive lectures that tend to be typified through a greater number of the pronouns we and you, questions, elicitation markers, as well as audience- professor interaction. Without a doubt, interactivity is influenced by the class size and small class sizes are increasingly conducive for verbal interaction between students and professors. It follows that small class sizes are increasingly preferable because they support the process through which learning is delivered and potentially contributes to enhanced student outcomes. Johnson (2010, p 703) notes that class size is strongly linked to the kinds of assignments as well as the level of student involvement in the learning process. This includes the suggestion that large class sizes are less likely to involve oral presentations or writte n papers and increasingly likely to grade learners based on multiple-choice tests. What is more, large class sizes usually mean that instructors do not always track student attendance, which make them more likely to skip ...

Artificial Intelligence - Present and Future Uses - Free Essay Example

Artificial Intelligence: Present and Future uses What is the definition of Artificial Intelligence? Lets’ break it down in to individual words to get an accurate definition. First, Artificial: made by human skill; produced by humans (https://dictionary. com). Second, Intelligence: capacity for learning, reasoning, understanding, and similar forms of mental activity; aptitude for grasping truths, relationships, facts, meanings, etc. (https://dictionary. com). Therefore, if we put the two words together we create a unique and complex definition. Artificial Intelligence is defined as: tools that exhibit human intelligence and behavior including self-learning robots, expert systems, voice recognition, natural and automated translation; Technology and learning portfolio. (1997, August) Retrieved August 30, 2010 from https://www. unesco. org/education/educprog/lwf/doc/portfolio/portindex. htm. Artificial Intelligence is being used presently, and will be used in the future in nume rous exciting ways. Present day uses| Future uses| Military: *Weapons *Aircraft| Games: *Chess computer| Medicine: *Joystick surgery *Computer assisted surgery| Robots: *Medicine *Workforce| Education: *Educational tools| Integration: *Cybernetics *Reverse engineering| Table 0 Present day uses: Military The two primary uses of A. I. for the Military are in their weapons and aircraft. Stanford University won a two million dollar defense department grant for building an autonomous SUV named Stanley. This vehicle navigated a 131 mile off road race course, by itself, in six hours and fifty-three minutes. It eventually won the race against another autonomous vehicle. Its average land speed was 19. 1 mph, which is the average speed of a Military convoy. Another type of autonomous vehicle is called the sword. Basically, it’s a miniature tank with multiple automatic weapons and a grenade launcher attached. It can be controlled remotely, but its primary use is autonomous miss ions. It can navigate through a war zone and take out ground troops from behind. The sword can also be sent into a hostile situation and cause a diversion, allowing the soldiers to quell the situation; Military applications. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 6, 2010, from https://www. aaai. org/AITopics/pmwiki/pmwiki. php/AITopics/Military. New military assault vehicles are being fitted with voice recognition software. This makes the communication between the on-board computer and the soldiers much faster. A soldier can speak a command into the computer while he/she is still driving, firing a weapon or tracking the enemy. The weapons are also voice command activated, so they can be fired while the soldier is conducting another duty. The main reason these vehicles are being made is to save soldiers lives, while protecting our country at the same time. This new technology will save lives, it will save even more lives as the technology grows; Military applications. (n. d. ). Retrieve d September 6, 2010, from https://www. aaai. org/AITopics/pmwiki. php/AITopics/Military. Lastly, the F-35 Lightning Multi-role fighter from Lockheed Martin is the top of the line smart fighter jet. The F-35 is equipped with voice recognition software, making pilot to plane communications faster. The weapons are also voice activated, so the pilot can multi-task in an engagement. It is also equipped with an Automatic target recognition and classification system (ATRC), which is used to identify specific targets. The ATRC system is used in tandem with an Active electronically scanned array radar system (AESA). This system has a synthetic aperture radar mapping mode to provide the pilot with more precise search and targeting capabilities. Basically, the radar system maps the general area, and gives more accurate searches and targets faster; F-35 Lightning II Multi-role Fighter. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 6, 2010, from https://www. erospaceweb. org/aircraft/fighter/f35/. Present da y uses: Medicine The medical profession uses every advance they have access to, saving lives is their main objective. The da Vinci surgical system is a revolutionary new tool used to aid surgeons during surgery. This system uses four main components; the Surgeon Console, also called the Hermes control center, where the surgeon controls the surgery, the Patient Side cart makes the surgical contact with the patient, using robotic arms to hold and use the instruments while making the small incisions for the surgery. Next is the Endo Wrist Instruments, these instruments are used to simulate human surgical movements. Each instrument has its own function, from suturing to clamping. The Wrist instruments are held on with quick release levers for quick changes during the surgery. This instrument is used to control rotating, pivoting and the force applied from the robotic arms. Finally, the Insite Vision System with high resolution 3D endoscope and image processing capabilities. This s ystem allows the surgeon to see inside the patient during the surgery, giving the surgeon an advantage over regular surgery. The Insite vision system sends clear, filtered and noise free real time video. The following chart shows the cost of the da Vinci surgical system compared to the competitor’s; Robotic surgery. (2005). Retrieved September 6, 2010, from https://biomed. brown. edu/Courses/BI108/BI108_2005_Groups/04/davinci. html. Market Information of the Robot Surgical Systems Equipment| Costs| Company Equipment Descriptions| Da Vinci Surgical System| $1 Million| Intuitive Surgical: Robot-assistant with arms to connect surgical instruments| Zeus Robot Surgical System| $975,000| Computer Motion: Robot-assistant with arms to connect surgical instruments| Aesop 3000| $80,000| Computer Motion: Voice-controlled endoscope-positioning robot| Hermes Control Center| Request price quota| Computer Motion: Centralized system used to network an intelligent OR| Socrates Robotic Tele -collaboration System| Request price quota| Computer Motion: Allows shared control of Aesop 3000 from different locations| *Former Computer Motion systems that are now owned by Intuitive Surgical. Sources: Table 1 from Journal of Healthcare Management 46:4 July/August 2003 As you can see the initial cost is high, but the long term health and financial benefits for the patient and hospital are amazing. The following table will illustrate these facts. Estimate of Initial investment and cost savings per heart valve surgery for da Vinci Market price Maintenance/year Physician training| $1 million $100,000 $250,000| Cost of one inpatient hospital day| $2,000| Reduced inpatient hospital days for heart procedures| 4. 5 days| Cost saving per heart procedure due to reduced hospital stay| $9,000 per heart valve| Extra procedure cost| $2000 more per operation| Surgical assistance| $175,000 for fourth arm(compared to $80,610 per year for extra OR nurse)| Sources: Table 2 from Journal of Heal thcare Management 46:4 July/August 2003 Salary Survey 2004. Nursing Management 35: 7 July 2004 Pages 28-32 American Heart Associations Scientific Sessions 2002 Present day uses: Education An abundance of people complain about the education system these days, most of them don’t like the way it works. There are two A. I. tutoring systems available now that can help the system work well. The SimBionic intelligent agent tool kit and the Task Tutor tool kit are the top of the line in A. I. assisted tutoring. The SimBionic tool kit allows the instructor to specify behaviors for simulated forces, without pre-programming. The behavior authoring tool allows the instructor to create an â€Å"entity† behavior using â€Å"drag and drop† interface to build the complex behaviors. After the behaviors are created, they can be re-used and modified for other scenarios. For example, an instructor creates a simulated battle scene where the primary group is being attacked from three sides. The intelligent simulation automates the enemy, making the simulation more realistic, challenging and engaging; Stottler Henke Inc. , (2002), Simbionic tool kit. Retrieved August 9, 2010, from https://www. stottlerhenke. com/solutions/training/simbionic. htm. The second tutoring system is the Task Tutor tool kit. This system allows the instructor to produce procedure templates that specify the range of â€Å"actions† that are correct within each scenario. The system will also list the knowledge and skills demonstrated as the student completes the simulation. These templates are created by the instructor without programming, using a graphical interface to show the sequences of actions to the tutoring system. When the simulation is done, the tutor shows the student what principles they had correct or incorrect. It also gives explanations why they were wrong or right. Also, the tutor will answer â€Å"what do I do now† or why do I do that† using hin ts, allowing the student to solve the problem themselves. There are many subject areas this type of learning can be used for; Stottler Henke Inc. ,(2002), Task Tutor tool kit. Retrieved August,19,2010 from https://www. stottlerhenke. com/solutions/training/ttt. htm. The following graphic lists these subject areas: Future uses: Games In 1997 a computer named â€Å"Deep Blue† played and defeated the current world champion Garry Kasparov, taking the world championship from Mr. Kasparov for that year. Deep Blue is a computer that uses artificial intelligence to help make strategic decisions while playing chess. I know, this is not a future use, but the idea behind this computer has/is being expanded. Some current video games can predict what the player will do by analyzing how he/she has played in the past. Future computer games will be able to interact with the player, assisting with decision making and strategy; Waltz, D. (1996). Artificial Intelligence: Realizing the ultima te promises of computing. Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. cs. washington. edu/homes/lazowsk/era/ai. html. Future uses: Robots Noel Sharkey, a professor of AI and robotics, believes the way that artificial intelligence is growing we could see completely autonomous robots within 40 to 50 years. Also, that they could be conducting crash site surgeries, so the injured person wouldn’t die during the trip to the O. R. They could also do the smaller, faster, and less invasive surgeries, freeing up surgeons to do the more invasive and complicated ones; Lomas, N. (2010, March 4). Artificial Intelligence: How advanced will AI be in 2100? Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. silicon. om/technology/software/2010/03/04/artificial-intelligence-how-advanced-will-ai-be-in-2100-39745432. Mr. Sharkey also believes robots could join the workforce in the future, having robotic receptionists in doctors, lawyers, and large corporate offices. Future uses: Integration Kevin War wick, a professor of cybernetics, believes that by the year 2050 intelligent machines/robots might be dominant. Or, humans will have â€Å"upgraded† themselves to â€Å"cyborgs†. If machines/robots are dominant by 2050, Mr. Warwick believes we will be living in a â€Å"terminator scenario†. If you haven’t seen the movies, humans would be living batteries to keep the machines charged up. But, he is more inclined to believe that humans will upgrade themselves with different forms of cybernetics. This means computer components will be integrated into the human body, enhancing they systems that the components are linked to; Lomas, N. (2010, March 4). Artificial Intelligence: How advanced will AI be in 2100? Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. silicon. com/technology/software/2010/03/04/artificial-intelligence-how-advanced-will-ai-be-in-2100-39745432/. Ray Kurzweil, futurist, believes that by 2050 we will be past the Singularity, and we will have fu lly human-level AI. He also believes that we will have reverse engineered the human brain 20 years from now. He believes humans and intelligent technology will â€Å"merge† and create â€Å"hybrid† intelligence. The technological side of our merge will continue to grow intellectually,† expanding our brains capacity a billion fold by 2045†. By 2100, the expansion will be trillions of trillions fold and we will begin to expand beyond our solar system. How advanced will AI be in 2100? Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. silicon. com/technology/software/2010/03/04/artificial-intelligence-how-advanced-will-ai-be-in-2100-39745432/. â€Å"The best way to predict the future is to invent it† – Alan Kay; Beekman, G. Beekman, B. (2009,p. 380, 397) Tomorrow’s technology and you (9th ed). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. This statement is a, very general, way of summing up this paper. Everything I’ve spoken about in the prece ding pages started as a sparkle in the eye of a learned inventor or scientist. The only limit to the imagination of these people is the level of technology they had to begin at. In fact, most of these people were trying to advance current technology when they introduced their new ideas. Some of these ideas are just theories or, but these theories and ideas stimulate intelligent people into creating new, cutting edge technology. For this reason, artificial intelligence should be studied and researched. The present uses of A. I. re exciting, but the future of A. I. will yield many more astounding uses. â€Å"The Future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams† -Eleanor Roosevelt- References Beekman, G. Beekman, B. (2009, p. 380, 397). Tomorrow’s technology and you (9th ed. ). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall Definition of Artificial. https://dictionary. com Definition of Intelligent. https://dictionary. com F-35 Lightning II multi-role fighter. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 6, 2010 from. https://www. aerospace. org/aircraft/fighter/f35/ Lomas, N. (2010, March 4). Artificial Intelligence: how advanced will AI be in 2100? Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. silicon. om/technology/software/2010/03/04/artificial- intelligence-how-advanced-will-ai-be-in-2100-39745432/ Military applications. (n. d. ). Retrieved September 6, 2010 from https://www. aaai. org/AITopics/pmwiki. php/AITopics/Military Robotic Surgery. (2005). Retrieved September 6, 2010 from https://biomed. brown. edu/Courses/BI108_2005_Groups/04/davinci. html Roosevelt, E. (n. d. ). Direct quote. Message posted to Eleanor Roosevelt quotes, archived at https://thinkexist. com/quotation/the_future_belongs_to_those_who_believe_in_the/13262. html Stottler Henke Inc. , (2002), SimBionic tool kit. Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. tottlerhenke. com/solutions/training/simbionic. htm Stottler Henke Inc. , (2002), Task Tutor tool kit. Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://stottlerhenke. com/solutions/training/ttt. htm Technology and learning portfolio. (1997, August). Retrieved August 30, 2010 from https://unesco. org/education/eduprog/lwf/doc/portfolio/portindex. htm Waltz, D. (1996). Artificial Intelligence: Realizing the ultimate promises of computing. Retrieved August 19, 2010 from https://www. cs. washington. edu/homes/lazowsk/era/ai. html [ 1 ]. Singularity: the point when machine intelligence outpaces that of humans Artificial Intelligence: Present and Future uses Bill DeJaynes Intro to computers Dr. Kanooni August 30, 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦. 2 Artificial Intelligence: Present and future uses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 B ody†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2-10 Table 0†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 Present day uses: Military†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Present day uses: Medicine†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Table 1†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦5 Table 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6 Present day uses: Education†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦7 Learning subject areas graphic†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8 Future uses: Games†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦9 Future uses: Robots†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 Future uses: Integration†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12-13

Why Cancer Is Not Contributing With Onespecific Factor

Abstract: Cancer discovered and decoded late in the 19th century, it is unexpected disease, can happen to anyone at any age, and it doesn’t show an early scientific symptoms, the reasons that led to have a cancer it’s might have nothing to do with unhealthy life. Protein–DNA interaction, cell dividing, and growth, smoking, sun, gas and chemical exposing. It’s all works as factors, and sometimes these factors plays a big part in causing you cancer, and sometimes it’s not. There is nothing granted with cancer.In this paper I’ll explain how genes connected with cancer.To do that, I collected my methodology from medical articles and Biology book and Biology, medicals blogs. From that I concluded, that is cancer is not contributing with†¦show more content†¦What happen to my body?You might start to ask yourself how someone body fails him/her? How is your own body union with the enemy against you, and start to attacks you? It is all begin from the inside of your body one mistake in your DNA structure and you are facing serious medical condition, one of their condition is cancer. In cancer doctors only know how to fight it but rarely do they know what caused it. Since I was a child I wanted to understand cancer. Is it infection? Is it a bad food you ate it and then you get sick? As I grow up and majored in biology I acknowledged the facts, there are a numerous explanations for cancer , some of it is known and can be avoided or work on , some of it, can t be seen or predicted like what happen to your DNA. In these papers I ll try explain to readers how cancer start biologically and what is the relationship between it and you DNA and if it possible to be avoided. In order to be able to understand cancer, you have to understand your body and to define what cancer is, for me it s a group of stubborn and out of control cells have a motivation is grow and never stop, why is that? Becausethere was misunderstanding in the process of translation the information that have been received from the DNA. And since your DNA Holds all the data we have

Data Collection Write Up For This Action Research

Data Collection Write up: For this Action Research, I conducted two whole group semi-structured focus group discussions in order to compile the inquiry data. Both discussions centered on a core set of questions that related to attitudes toward honors classes, ways they learn, and their academic future. In the first focus group, conducted at the beginning of the Action Research Project, seven of the eight boys participated. All seven boys said they liked classes where they could move and had the opportunity to create a product. Four boys said they liked creating products on the computer and six expressed positive attitudes toward acting or role playing activities. All boys said they liked working in collaborative groups, especially†¦show more content†¦Three of the six boys said they will take less honors classes next year. The reason the three gave revolved around the amount of time required out of school to be successful in the honors classes. Additionally, all six expressed some type of ac ademic inadequacies. The six said that the â€Å"really smart† people in the class made them feel dumb or that their work was not up to the right standards. The learning styles attitudes were consistent with the first focus group, hands-on and collaborative. Additionally, five of the young men expressed the desire to be able to move around in the classroom, even if this just meant standing by the desk. The conversations with the young men corroborated the data on the Learning Styles Survey conducted at the beginning of the project. All eight boys participated in the survey. On a Likert scale of one to six, one being the least helpful and six being the most helpful, students were asked to rate activities that helped them learn in an academic setting. Students were asked to evaluate activities such as: debates, class discussions, researching and writing notes, competitive games, creating artwork, collaboration to analyze documents, role playing, video lectures at home, an d creating graphic organizers. Examining the scores on the learning styles survey, debates and role-playing were ranked as the most helpful learning activities

I Have A Good Idea Of My Stress - 1179 Words

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African Americans were the main source of labor; back then black children are forced to work rather than go to school and be educated reading was even forbidden. African Americans have for the most part lost whatever Socially, politically, economically situation they had as a result of Reconstruction very brutally and systematically. African Americans did not attempt toRead MoreHeroes or Villains? - The Taliban1464 Words   |  6 Pagesintegrity, while a villain is corrupt or evil, incapable of feeling guilt or compassion and is guilty of committing heinous crimes. However, it should be noted that the labels of ‘hero’ and ‘villain’ are subjective, and that, in the words of Sirius Black (the falsely incriminated godfather of the titular hero of the Harry Potter series) â€Å"†¦ the world isn’t split into good people an d [villains]. We’ve all got light and dark inside of us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Yates, 2007) The Taliban are a group who were once perceivedRead MoreWhat Caused the Darfur Genocide? 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While telling the story of Blacks and African Americans, he presents the idea that race and class has heavily shaped DC into the city that we are familiar with today. The author begins by addressing slavery in the district, heRead MoreThe Killings And Destruction Of Cultures Throughout The Us, Australia, And German South Africa1750 Words   |  7 Pagescases of genocide which formed in the United States, Australia, British India and German Southwest Africa, allows for a better comprehension of genocide as defined by the UN Convention. The four cases raise question as to why we can consider the cases to be genocide, and what similarities and differences each case has. Considering the UN definition , I acknowledge all but the British Indian case to be genocide. There are multiple similarities between the mass killings and destruction of cultures in theRead MoreMalcolm X And The Black Panthers1352 Words   |  6 PagesMalcolm X and the Black Panthers both the profoundly affected the goals of the civil right movement. Malcolm X was born on May 19th, 1925 in Omaha Nebraska. Earl Little, (Malcolm’s father) was an outspoken Baptist minister and an avid supporter of the Black Nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. Malcom graduated at the top of his class however when a teacher told him that his dream of becoming a lawyer was â€Å"no realistic goal for a nigger† (Genius, 2016), these words greatly impacted him and caused himRead MorePolice Gang And A National Crime Syndicate1200 Words   |  5 Pagesprostitution rings, and extortion inside prison walls. Although on the streets, the AB is in every kind of criminal activity, like armed robbery, murder-for-hire, gun running, manufacturing methamphetamine, heroin sales, identity theft and counterfeiting. The AB gang are pretty dangerous and savages, â€Å"For the Aryan Brotherhood, murder is a way to make a social statement. If blacks attack whites, we send a message. We go pick one of their shot callers. We catch them walking across the [prison] yard underRead MoreColonialism Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesMahatma Gandhi’s Hind Swaraj, Frantz Fanon’s Black S kin, White Masks; and Gillo Pontecorvo’s film, The Battle of Algiers each respond to different aspects of colonialism and anti-colonialism. Fanon focuses on the effects colonialism has on the psyche of the colonized; Gandhi rejects western civilization and argues in favor of a non-violent approach to gaining independence; Pontecorvo’s film depicts revolutionaries and counter-revolutionaries using mostly violent means in an attempt to obtain victory

Journal Writing on Health Events

Question: Write about theJournal Writing on Health Events. Answer: The conference 34th De Castella Run has been named in the honor of one of the largest distance runner ever. The event has been a community based and family friendly. It also included children activities and post-event body and mind expo. I have been used to raise awareness and funds that has been valuable. Along with my co workers I have organized a lunchtime walk. We have already arranged meetings before the event about the details planning about the event (Weickert et al. 2017). I have been encouraging everyone so that they could stand at my meetings. In the event I hosted a salad bar at lunch time. I also arranged the healthy potluck. I started friendly competition along with my co-workers. I have been able to help minds by asking my friends and family members by sponsoring in those years of running. The raising of funds has been easy for me. I had to just follow links to built and design their own pages for fund raising (Ltd, 2017). Then they have to send e-mails to my respective friends and invite them to support. There have been attractive prizes for fund raising that I have also won. I just followed those prompts while accessing to set up their page of fundraising. I have incredible involvement in that week. This is because the individuals, who have read everything on site, attempted to make inquiries over my blog regarding with organization profile. They frequently make inquiries like shutting time of the registration, occasion timing and charges to join the occasion. So I am receiving lots of messages each day after uploading about the event, on the Internet. References: Ltd, G. (2017). de Castella Run 2016 for Mental Health. [online] Decastellarun.gofundraise.com.au. Available at: https://decastellarun.gofundraise.com.au/ [Accessed 1 May 2017]. Weickert, T.W., Weinberg, D., Lenroot, R., Catts, S.V., Wells, R., Vercammen, A., O'donnell, M.,

Beer Game free essay sample

SThe game has four players per team; Retailer, Wholesaler, Distributor, and Factory. The pennies represent cases of beer. A deck of cards represents customer demand. Each simulated week, customers purchase from the retailer, who ships the beer requested out of inventory. The retailer in turn orders from the wholesaler, who ships the beer requested out of their own inventory. Likewise the wholesaler orders and receives beer from the distributor, who in turn orders and receives beer from the factory, where the beer is brewed. At each stage there are shipping delays and order processing delays. The players objective is to minimize total team costs. Inventory holding costs are $. 50/case/week. Backlog costs are $1. 00/case/week, to capture both the lost revenue and the ill will stock-outs cause among customers. Costs are assessed at each link of the distribution chain. (Sterman,1999). Since the Beer game has been around since the 1960’s the game is the best known simulation game of its kind and allows players a glimpse of the intricacies within the supply chain. Other games that deal with supply chain management are: Poker Chip, Wood Supply, LEAP Supply Chain, ITL and LEGO games (Cox, 2006). The Beer Game far outreaches all the other games; its focus is on dynamic complexity within the supply chain. Complexity within the supply chain has two forms, dynamic and detail. While the Beer Game focuses on dynamic complexity within the supply chain system, the Poker Chip Game focuses on the detail complexity of the systems. Detail complexity is where many variables, definitions, and lists of items are used to describe a system. (Cox, 2006) When you start listing the elements within the system that the Beer Game limits the Poker Chip Game allows some of these elements to exist. However, by limiting the aspects within the system, the player is able to visualize and understand and learn the basics of the supply chain. All business areas are affected by the supply chain but the complexities of the chain often time causes stress in the area when management is concerned. Simulation games allow players to grasp hard to define concepts quickly and reach further into the complexities of the system. Bain and Company reports that 85% of senior executives surveyed say that improving supply chain performance is a top priority for their firm. But, 50% reported having only basic information on their supply chain. (Cox, 2006) To receive better information, management must be in tune with questions to ask and to understand the information they receive. So a basic understanding must be gained. In the Beer Game, the supply chain provides the rhythm of the game but all the challenges and nuances associated to supply chain were removed or were made to be systematic / consistent in nature except for inventory management Thus, the focus of the game was the ability to manage the inventory levels within the system. Teams focused on one product, Beer. Teams had only one vendor and customer. The factory didn’t have any supply issues for materials. Shipping and ordering delays were reliably constant. And finally there were set players in the supply chain: retailer, wholesaler, distributor, and factory. So the rest of the supply chain couldn’t get much cleaner than this setup. The system contained no flaws. This clean supply chain gave a feel for the system flow but allowed players to focus specifically on their inventories. The demand remained relatively consistent with slight fluctuations within the game. So the game truly brings a focus, the reaction of the supply chain to small market fluctuations. However, if the focus of the game was inventory, I felt that one of the key costs of inventory was ignored in the game, that being ordering costs. We tracked shortages, ordering, and backlogs but we only focused on holding costs and shortage costs when it came to tracking team costs. We did not have costs associated to orders calculated into the system and in most cases each player ordered each cycle. I am a little unsure why the element of ordering costs would have been left out of the equation except for the added variability to inventory it would cause. But since it was left out of the game, the inventory was allowed to be kept lower than if ordering costs remained in the game. Since there were no ordering costs, inventory was ordered on almost every cycle within the supply chain. Reaction of inventory fluctuations within the system or the bullwhip effect is another focus of what the game teaches. If ordering costs were in play it may distort the effect. With no ordering costs the bullwhip effect is evident. The bullwhip effect shows that decisions made by groups along the supply actually worsen shortages and overstocks. It was interesting later to learn that in a structured supply chain, when a participant tries to amplify the profit at the respective stage in the system, it in turn, decreases the overall profitability of the system. This is part of the bullwhip effect. (wikipedia, 2007) The bullwhip effect is best visualized by a graph of the effect each player has on the next player in their team’s line. The graph below shows the bullwhip effect when customer inventory levels are kept low and a small increase in demand is instituted in week 25. This increase affects the system through many weeks until the factory finally smoothes the inventory by supplying the chain with the needed gain in inventory. Usually the effect smoothes after the correction and the system goes to a constant line. If there are any fluctuations after that in the line then it is due to internal system demand or â€Å"ghost demand†. The game demonstrates patterns of behavior that are reflected by the graph above as well.

Scarlet Fever Essays (461 words) - Medicine, Clinical Medicine

Scarlet Fever # ## Scarlet Fever Strep throat and scarlet fever are different forms of a bacterial disease caused by infection with group A (beta-hemolytic) streptococcus. When the bacteria infect the throat, the illness is called strep throat. Streptococci can also produce a toxin, which results in a distinctive skin rash. When this occurs, the illness is now called scarlet fever. Scarlet fever was once very common among young children ages 2 to 10, but now it is relatively rare. The reason for this remains unknown, especially since there has been no decrease in the number of cases of strep throat or strep skin infections. Scarlet fever is caused be a toxin that certain strains of streptococcal bacteria release when they infect the upper respiratory tract. It passes from person to person the same way strep throat does-through close contact between an infected and a non-infected person. When a child with the infection coughs or sneezes, bacteria- laden drops is released. Children playing face to face, playing together and sharing toys and eating utensils can easily pass the infection back and forth. The first symptoms of scarlet fever include a high fever, headache, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. These may develop suddenly. Occasionally, abdominal pain and vomiting develop one or two days before the rash appears. The rash consists of tiny, red bumps. It begins on the trunk and spreads outward. It can cover the entire body in a matter of hours or days, giving the skin a rough sandpaper-like texture. The rash normally doesnt spread over mouth area although the lips as well as the palms and soles turn bright red. In the beginning of the illness the tongue turns white with small flecks of red on it, however as the disease progresses the tongue becomes very swollen and turns red. Another symptom of scarlet fever are deep red streaks that appear in the armpits, elbow crooks, groin and behind the knees. Scarlet fever can be treated with antibiotics prescribed by a doctor. If left untreated (not taking all prescribed medications), the infection may lead to rheumatic fever or kidney disease. To help prevent yourself from being infected with scarlet fever avoid close contact with infected people until they have completed at least two days of a ten day course of antibiotic therapy. Do not drink raw unpasteurized milk or eat products made from raw milk. Exclude people with the illness from food handling. In most cases, all signs of the scarlet fever rash are gone within two weeks, and there is no long-term scarring. Proper nutrition boosts the body's immune system and helps it fight the infection. Drink lots of fluids to help flush out toxins and prevent dehydration. And remember, get lots of rest! Science Essays

Intercultural communication Essays

Intercultural communication Essays Intercultural communication Paper Intercultural communication Paper they must aware customs and practices that vary from culture to culture. For example, the word dear has a special connotation in Spain, as the word is a term of endearment or a show of affection for a loved one or a family member. conversely, it is used extensively as a letter salutation in USA. Therefore, when American negotiator writing a business letter to the other party in Spain, the salutation of the letter should not contain the word dear. Kimberley (2003:177) suggested that nonverbal communication is an essential part of every message people send. Nonverbal communication means the information that is communicated without using words. People can communicated without saying a word by their choice of clothing, their facial expressions or any number of other nonverbal signals. No matter the negotiation is taken between two nations or within one nation, non-verbal communication has significant effect on the goal achievement in negotiation. There are various types of non-verbal communication, such as body language, time and clothing. Dealing with the language, which most international business people consider their only barrier to understanding, is actually only the beginning (Barna, 1972: 243). Non-verbal barriers to intercultural communication may create greater problems than language barriers. Various non-verbal cues carry different meanings in different cultures. When the individuals involved in the negotiation are of different cultures, there is likely to be some misinterpretations because of their chosen methods of communication. This is more likely to be the case if they are unfamiliar with each others cultural backgrounds. Herbig(1997) suggests that Negotiator should be aware that, when two people communicate, they seldom talk about precisely the same subject, for effective meaning is flavored by each persons own cognitive world and cultural conditioning. In some instances, conflict can occur where an individual has failed to recognize the boundaries that evolve from particular cultural characteristics. Take an example of negotiating in China. Chinese people often use body language that can be incomprehensible to unfamiliar Westerners, and some Western body language can be misunderstood. In China, laughing or smiling among people can be confusing and means different things according to the situation. When they felt nerves or embarrassed, Chinese people will smile or laugh nervously and cover their mouths with their hands. Pointing at someone with the forefinger is an accusatory motion and is considered rude or hostile Currier(2001) suggests that body language is basic building blocks of cooperation and negotiation. People are careful never to act in a way or that could be interpreted as an insult. Therefore, if the western negotiator misunderstand Chinese nonverbal message, they might feel confuse with the circumstance and the message has become ambiguity which probably might affect their decision. Also, when they use inappropriate body language, it may imply a meaning of disrespect and due to other partys antipathy. Nevertheless, negotiators can be conveying confidence by using body language if they uses appropriately. Axtell (1991:28) states that body language is as effective as or more effective than words. For instance, toward to the sexual difference aspect , men stand with their feet apart, expanding their space, or lean forward in their chairs-behaviors which are interpreted as aggressive. Women stand with their feet close together and one toe pointed inward, denoting submissiveness. Thus, to level the negotiating field, a woman should expand her space by standing to speak or using the arms of a chair and sitting erect when speaking. Time is important factor should be concerned during the negotiation process. Kimberley (2003:155) states that time are one type of nonverbal communication. People perceive time differs greatly from culture to culture. In the USA, time is a costly item that is not to be wasted. Time is scheduled carefully and holding to a time schedule is a virtue. Completing tasks ahead of schedule is usually something for which one should be proud. Americans do not like to wait and usually become irritated when someone is late for an appointment (Nelda, Baron, 1997). Therefore, when people negotiating with Americans, they should attend the meeting or appointment on time. In addition, Americans usually like to get down to business quickly in a meeting. People from other cultures, such as Japan, may be offended if a prolonged social discourse is not held prior to either partys mentioning the impending business. Even then, the discussion probably will proceed at a much slower pace than US business people are accustomed (Nelda, Baron, 1997). Lastly, Kimberly (2003:190) states that clothing gives a strong and immediate impression of its wearer, it is extremely importantly to nonverbal communication. Clothing develops a message, and by choosing particular clothing, the wearer commits himself or herself to the statements the clothing makes. It is no doubt that the dress of negotiators are implied a message to other party, such as if they are giving respect to the party they negotiated with. For instance, Thai business and government executives dress very formal. They perceive that the better dressed one is, the more successful one is. For business functions, farang men should wear lightweight suits with white shirts and ties. Slacks and jackets are not as acceptable. Farang women should not wear black dresses, however, for Thais reserve this color for funerals or mourning. However, black is acceptable to wear at formal events if it is accented with other colors. Consequently, when people are engage in negotiating with Thai people, they must dress appropriate in order to respect them and avoid embarrassed.

Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Paper - Assignment Example In this case, it is not the role of the media to create the advertisement or generate the desired message. It is the responsibility of the advertiser to formulate the message, and then present it to the media for conveying to the society. Nevertheless, the fact that the media represents, rather than creates events, does not remove the ethical responsibility on the side of the media (Ap.org, n.p.). Therefore, it is the responsibility of the media to ensure that it avoids any form of misrepresentation of the events being reported to the society, through ensuring to accurately represent the event, without any â€Å"inaccuracies, carelessness, bias or distortions† (Ap.org, n.p.). The theory of Act Non-consequentialists can support this position, owing to the fact that it requires that each ethical case is addressed on a case-by-case basis. Thus, the ethical representation of the events by the media should be evaluated on a case basis. From what I hear from you Molly, the media is in the business of making money, and thus is there to represent the events created by anyone, regardless of the ethicalness of the events. While I agree with you completely that the media does not create events but rather uses the events created by other people or agencies to generate money, I really do not agree with you on the opinion that the job of the people working in the media is simply to â€Å"fill spots of air time and advertisements†. In fact, I hold a contrary opinion, to the effect that, although the media people are in the business of making money, they owe the society the ethical duty of care, requiring them to uphold ethics in every aspect of their events representation. Now if you may, please tell me how the media can effectively expedite its role of making money, and at the same time remain ethical. Tawania Reese, I support your opinion on the

Marine Liability Insurance and Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marine Liability Insurance and Law - Essay Example On the other hand, oil is leaking from the bunker tank of MV Othership, but it is proceeding to Singapore under own power. The collision occurred at 0613 Hrs, local time, when visibility was good and there was a wind variable force of 2. This may imply that one of the ship’s navigation equipment might have been faulty. From the records, both ships, MV Puffin and MV Othership have Hull and Machinery insurance, under standard Institute Clauses-Hull terms. It is also probable that these vessels do not have Liability Insurance and Protection and Indemnity (P&I) insurance. Hull and machinery insurance covers the ship itself, the equipment on board, including propulsion and auxiliary machinery, cargo handling and navigation equipment (NEPIA, 2013). It also provides cover for the ship’s contribution to general average and salvage and part of the liability for damage to another ship in collision. On the other hand, Protection and Indemnity (P& I) insurance covers third party li abilities (NEPIA, 2013). The situation requires that the owners of the entered ships should take necessary steps to mitigate the hazards and prevent further losses from occurring. For instance, damage of MV Puffin’s bow and MV Othership’s bunker tank and hull amidships may pose great risks, if mitigation steps are not taken. Secondly, two MV Puffin crew members have been slightly injured while three crew members of MV Othership have been injured. Also, second-hand cars and trucks in forward spaces of MV Puffin have been damaged while pallets of canned foods in number 3’ tween deck of MV Othership have been damaged. This means that each of the two vessels has caused injury to people, and damage to property involving third parties. Therefore, there is third party liability involved in this situation. b) Initial Advice to the Owner of the Entered Ships MV Puffin in Relation to ensuring that Safety Obligations have been carried out The owner of the entered ships, MV Puffin has to take necessary steps to ensure that safety obligations have been carried out. The fact that crew members of the two vessels have been injured, and that MV Puffin’s bow has been damaged and that oil is leaking from the bunker tank of MV Othership, may imply that there are health and safety risks exist. The following advice and recommendations on how to ensure compliance with safety obligations may be helpful. First, the International Safety Management (ISM) Code, section one, requires that the ship operator should provide for safe practices in ship operation and safe working environment (NEPIA, 2013). Therefore, the ship operator should establish safeguards against all identified risks, after correctly identifying the risks associated with this situation. This can be done by observing loss prevention through good practices and procedures, which should be applied to prevent occurrence of incidents that may lead to further loss (NEPIA, 2013).The operators should a lso seek to minimise the severity of the consequences when incidents occur. Secondly, this accident and all associated hazardous situations should be reported to the company. The ISM Code, section 9, requires that all non-conformities, hazardous situations and accidents should be reported to the company (NEPIA, 2013). This collision involving MV Puffin and MV Othership should be analysed. The accident should also be investigations so as to improve safety and prevent pollution. This

Culture and World Wide Web Essay Example for Free

Culture and World Wide Web Essay Basis ternet has changed our lives, before the internet, Life was completely different. In early times, people sent letters for communication, but now a day, The World Wide Web has changed the world in more than one way. The Internet has suddenly changed politics, business, and culture. Now today, there is no need to sent letters, it is the modern era, the information technology time, in which information can take not more than half second to be sent. ternet has changed our lives, before the internet, Life was completely different. In early times, people sent letters for communication, but now a day, The World Wide Web has changed the world in more than one way. The Internet has suddenly changed politics, business, and culture. Now today, there is no need to sent letters, it is the modern era, the information technology time, in which information can taternet has changed our lives, before the internet, Life was completely different. In early times, people sent letters for communication, but now a day, The World Wide Web has changed the world in more than one way. The Internet has suddenly changed politics, business, and culture. Now today, there is no need to sent letters, it is the modern era, the information technology time, in which information can take not more than half second to be sent. The technologies are growing, developing, but did the culture changed and turned iternet has changed our lives, before the internet, Life was completely different. In early times, people sent letters for communication, but now a day, The World Wide Web has changed the world in more than one way. The Internet has suddenly changed politics, busiternet has changed our lives, before the internet, Life was completely different. In early times, people sent letters for communication, but now a day, The World Wide Web has changed the world in more than one way. The Internet has suddenly changed politics, business, and culture. Now today, there is no need to sent letters, it is the modern era, the information technology time, in which information can take not more than half second to be sent. The technologies are growing, developing, but did the culture changed and turned into a single culture, not at all. Discovery of computers and internet has come like a miracle to mankind. Through this the worldwide communication has increased. People are gaining knowledge about other cultures, but this does not mean that they are fully adopting the other culture and this is because soness, and culture. Now today, there is no need to sent letters, it is the modern era, the  information technology time, in which information can take not more than half second to be sent. The technologies are growing, developing, but did the culture changed and turned into a single culture, not at all. Discovery of computers and internet has come like a miracle to mankind. Through this the worldwide communication has increased. People are gaining knowledge about other cultures, but this does not mean that they are fully adopting the other culture and this is because sonto a single culture, not at all. Discovery of computers and internet has come like a miracle to mankind. Through this the worldwide communication has increased. People are gaining knowledge about other cultures, but this does not mean that they are fully adopting the other culture and this is because soke not more than half second to be sent. The technologies are growing, developing, but did the culture changed and turned into a single culture, not at all. Discovery of computers and internet has come like a miracle to mankind. Through this the worldwide communication has increased. People are gaining knowledge about other cultures, but this does not mean that they are fully adopting the other culture and this is because so The technologies are growing, developing, but did the culture changed and turned into a single culture, not at all. Discovery of computers and internet has come like a miracle to mankind. Through this the worldwide communication has increased. People are gaining knowledge about other cultures, but this does not mean that they are fully adopting the other culture and this is because so

cinco de mayo :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Mexicamos, Viva Mexico† is cried out by the Mexican president every 16th of September as done by Miguel Hidalgo in 1821, after the traditional bell ringing is finished the national anthem is sang. Similar to the 4th of July celebration with parties, fireworks, ceremonies, except they also get bullfights also.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In search for independence a priest decided to take matters into his own hands and lead a revolution against the Spanish government, but he was executed immediately. His execution inspired another priest to continue the rebellion and brought together the Criollos, but more auguring was to continue until the country found a way of government both sides were satisfied with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once the Criollos found out that the French forces that had occupied Spain, had imprisoned their leader King Ferdinand VII, they decided that they wanted to take control of the government. Leading the revolution was a catholic priest named Miguel Hidalgo. They wanted to establish Mexico as an independent country. Noone wanted confrontation with Spanish military though. Word spread fast and soon enough the Spanish was informed of a rebellion against them. That left Hidalgo with little time he had to act fast and start the rebellion early. In Dolores, Hidalgo gave his famous speech known as the Grito de Dolores, to Indians and mestizos that were called upon to rebel against the Spanish. The whole idea of the rebellion was so the Mexicans could govern their own land and that was enough drive for a war so the battle began.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The begging of the battle was very gruesome and bloody instead of having a political fight. The Indians had to fight against the Spanish artillery with there clubs, slings, axes, and machetes. His men were outnumbered, and some Indian communities wouldn’t fight because the battle was so bloody. Hidalgo had to retreat and was later executed in 1811. In 1813 another priest continued Hidalgo’s struggle. Jose Maria Morelos y Pavon attracted the Criollos. He came close to Mexican independence by bringing together a congress that wrote a constitution for a Mexican republic. He was also later captured by the Spanish and executed in 1815. In 1816 King Ferdinand was back on the throne. All rebels were killer by the Spanish and Ferdinand misunderstood the Criollos movement for there traitorous ways he put heavy taxes on them and organized a strong army to stop any revolution movement. Most Criollos could not trust Spain.

Competitive Strategic Management a Case Study of Virgin Atlantics Essay

Introduction: Today, competition in international markets has become severe and in order to sustain relevant position, organizations need to assume competitive strategies so that they can gain competitive advantages. (Rao, pp.185, 2011) The dynamic condition of markets has made it complicated for the organizations to achieve higher level of success without using experts’ promulgated models and literatures. (Flouris, Oswald, pp.19, 2006) Hence, researches have made it simple for the organizations to compete at broader level yet these researches merely gives way to these organizations and they need to develop the strategic plans on their own. Different companies adopt different kind of competitive strategies in order to get higher position in competitive market and for this purpose, it used to perform different activities than the competing firms. (Daft, pp.65, 2009)Virgin Airlines is one of the organizations who have assumed authentic strategies in order to satisfy customer’s need and ultimately got exceptional position. This paper is basically an analysis of the competitive strategy of Virgin Atlantics which it has used in order to gain competitive advantage. The first section analyzes the competitive strategy of Virgin Atlantics, second part deals with advantages and limitations and third part give certain recommendations to Virgin Atlantics in order to better its services. Competitive strategy of Virgin Atlantics: Porter has identified four different strategic options which an organization can use in order to gain competitive advantage keeping the contemporary internal and external environment under consideration. (Griffin, pp.244, 2010) Differentiation strategy is one of those competitive strategies promulgated by Porters In his Generic Strategic model. (Eldring, pp.6, 2009)Virgin Atlantic has based its strategic plan keeping differentiation strategy under consideration. However, if its strategy is scrutinized, it indicates that this strategy has been developed after doing thorough internal and external analysis. As far as internal analysis is concerned, this analysis demonstrates strengths and weaknesses of the organizations and for this purpose, different models like SWOT analysis can be utilized since it allows the organizations to analyze strengths and weaknesses of the organization. (Dibb, Simkin, pp.28, 2008) Virgin Atlantic has also based its strategy keeping internal analysis under consideration since its analysis demonstrate how internal analysis aids in having differentiation portfolio and potential customers. (Strauss, pp.106, 2010) The basic strength of Virgin Atlantic is the financial affiliation which it has with Singapore airline. (Reynolds, Lancaste, 2012) However, its financial information is not disclosed publicly yet it can be found out that the service has been differentiated by the company through identifying the core strengths and cost effectiveness is one of them. As far as weaknesses are concerned, Virgin Atlantic is though providing exceptional services to its customers yet for customers, it is costly. A normal customer cannot have first class or premium class service with this Airline. However, the solution has been provided in the form of three different classes and the average customers can utilize economy class for traveling to different destinations. Similarly, the external analysis has been done through doing market analysis, customer analysis, industry analysis and above all competitive analysis in order to gain competitive advantages. For this purpose, usually PESTEL analysis is done which identifies political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal aspects of the provided services. (Henry, pp.51, 2008) Virgin Atlantic also does PESTEL analysis at macro level in order to gain complete competitive advantage through identifying all essential factors and after doing this analysis, it has developed its differentiation strategy for international market. Porter’s differentiation strategy can be observed from all the perspectives including packages, offers, services etc. For example, it has been offering services for more than 30 different destinations with 43 outstanding aircrafts including airbuses, Boeings and aircrafts. Similarly, this airline has bases in Manchester and London’s Heathrow and Gatwick airports and offers services for thirty different destinations including Dubai, Mauritius, Delhi, Sydney and Cape Town, the tourist favorite areas. Moreover, normally airlines offer business and economy class but Virgin Atlantic has three different classes including upper, premium economy and economy classes. In addition, it has infused differentiation strategy through providing Virgin Atlantic Cargo and Holiday services which offers instant and urgent shipments to different destinations of the world. Similarly, different travel packages with outclass offers have also been facilitated to customers in order to gain competitive advantages through dissimilar features. All these examples indicate how differentiation strategy of Porter’s Generic model aids an organization to gain benefits but for this purpose, organizations usually charge premium prices as well. Virgin Atlantic is also costly from other airlines in the market but its unique services have made it ample popular that more than five million customers use its services worldwide and all of them are ready to pay high prices for premium services. The competitive strategy of Virgin Atlantics has been developed keeping the market trends and contemporary needs of the customers under consideration and not only unique and different facilities have been provided but also basic requirements have been fulfilled. Hence, the competitive strategy of Virgin Atlantics has made it successful and preferable for the customers among all large air service providers. For using differentiation competitive strategy, this organization has been cherishing exceptional advantages and some of them are as followed: Advantages: If the analysis of advantages for using differentiations competitive strategy is scrutinized from the perspective of The Strategy Clock, it would appear that the organizations, who utilize this competitive strategy, gain high benefits investing low amount. Source: (Johnson, pp.243, 2008) This thing can be seen from the example of Virgin Atlantics since it has been using different sources to differentiate its services from others in order to gain competitive advantage and hence, achieved high profit in low amount as well. In current markets, the first advantage which Virgin Atlantics has been cherishing is the distinctive position due to providing unique services. Differentiation strategy allows Virgin Atlantics to have distinctive market position that makes it different from other competitors in the market and compels customers to prefer it on other competitors in the market providing similar service. (Thompson, Martin, pp.191, 2010) Second advantage of using this strategy is that it enables Virgin Atlantics to have sustainability in current market environment through gaining competitive advantage. For example, through providing unique services with exceptional features like multi-destination services, entertainment and customer care, shipping service, holiday packages, Virgin Atlantics invested little amount as compared to others but gained double benefits which enables it to have remarkable position in the market. The third major benefit of this differentiation strategy is flexibility which the organization provides. (Doise, pp.82, 2008) Virgin Atlantics also provides ample flexibility to customers in order to allow them to choose from multiple options. For instance, the customer can choose travel class from offered three classes according to his requirements. Suppose if customer has normal budget, he can select economy class whereas if he wants luxurious travel, he can select upper class. Flexibility is offered in packages and customers can choose relevant holiday packages of Virgin Holidays as well. Hence, this thing also proved ample lucrative for the company to achieve competitive advantage in contemporary markets and its environments. Limitations: In current dynamic business environment, using differentiation strategy is though beneficial but only to some extent since there are certain limitations cling to this competitive strategy, some of them are as followed: †¢It is very difficult to sustain elements of differentiation in current business environment since there are potential competitors in the market who try to assume better strategy in order to compete with Virgin Atlantics. These competitors might offer better services and add-ons that might affect core strategy of Virgin Atlantics †¢Changing services and making it unique is often costly. Though core strategy never costs high but sustainability of differentiations strategy usually costs high because the organizations have to spend a major amount in competing with opponents which ultimately compel the organizations to invest more and more for sustaining its position. (Sornarajah, pp.173, 2010) Virgin Atlantics has also faces this situation and spent a large amount on routes and aircrafts in order to differentiate its services from others. †¢Third limitation is the difficult which Virgin Atlantics has confronted in order to achieve differentiation. Since the current market is highly competitive and every organization has been trying to find out the best sources for gaining customer loyalty, this thing has made it ample complicated for the organizations to differentiate their services from others. Hence, differentiation competitive strategy is ample lucrative but these limitations makes it difficult for the organizations to sustain this strategy. However, in order to cope with these dynamic situations, different steps can be taken and the next part of the paper will promulgate all key steps which can augment profitability ratio. Recommendations: Virgin Atlantics can sustain its contemporary position in international markets taking different steps and for this purpose, it has to do analysis time and again in order to assess whether the implemented competitive strategy is compatible with current business environment or not. Following are some recommendations which can be used by Virgin Atlantics for sustaining its current position. Constant analysis: Virgin Atlantics should do constant internal and external analysis and amend the strategy or develop change management strategy according to the market requirements so that it can gain competitive advantages and beat its potential competitors. Additionally, these analyses would also enable the company to assess strengths and weaknesses of the company itself and through overpowering these shortcomings; it can develop its competitive strategic plan. Hybrid strategy: Though differentiation strategy is ample lucrative for providing sophisticated services and gaining customer loyalty yet it cannot be determined easily. Moreover, it might give high market share but market growth is possible only if this strategy is amalgamated with some additional strategy. This strategy can be cost-leadership strategy or focus strategy. Through focusing on differentiation strategy, Virgin Atlantics can obtain not only high market share but also market growth as well. as far as cost leadership strategy is concerned, it can be amalgamated with differentiation strategy in order to double the profit ratio since different researchers have provided combined competitive strategies as the solution of dynamic situation. (Marti, pp.100, 2007) Nevertheless, this hybrid strategy might also affect in a negative way. Competitive prices: Customers usually prefer exceptional services in affordable prices. So, Virgin Atlantics can gain advantages from cheap prices as well. Through providing low cost fleets to different customers, other then the facilitated, this organization could double its profit. However, the budget can be maintained through minimizing provided services during the flights. This thing would enable this organization to have market growth with low price strategy as well. Value added services: Value added services are often referred to as secondary services which are used for attracting customers and sustaining their loyalty with organization (Thurau and Hansen, p.112, 2000) No one can deny the significance of Value added services and marketing and this is the reason why it has remained inseparable part of every marketing plan and differentiation strategy. (Singh, pp.22, 2012) Virgin Atlantics can also gain competitive advantages via value added marketing and for this purpose; it can facilitate its customers with value holiday packages, discounted tickets and packages, lottery system and so on. These techniques would also attract a lot of customers and augment profitability and market share of the company as well. Conclusion: To conclude, it can be stated that this organization has been cherishing top positions on international level only because of using differentiation strategy and for this purpose, it has also invested capital through having partnership with Singapore airline. All its services including multiple destinations, holiday services, cargo services and in-flight entertainment, demonstrate its successful usage of differentiation strategy. However, Virgin Atlantics should also keep the advantages and limitations of using this strategy since there are certain times when this strategy needs slight amendments or changes in order to deal with contemporary circumstances. Virgin Atlantics can use different change management strategies in order to cope with limitations of this competitive strategy. In addition, this organization can also double its profit through taking different steps including value added marketing, competitive pricing and hybrid strategic development. These add-ons can maximize its profitability as well as worldwide recognitions and ultimately it would be able to compete with potential organizations like Emirates and Gulf Air. References: Daft, R. L. (2009) Organization Theory and Design. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Dibb, S., Lyndon S. (2008) Marketing Planning: A Workbook for Marketing Managers. London: South-Western Cengage Learning. Doise, M. L. 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